All authors, reviewers, and editors are required to disclose any financial or non-financial relationships, activities, or personal circumstances that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work or its evaluation. ACAM is committed to ensuring transparency and integrity throughout all stages of the publication process.

• Authors must disclose all potential conflicts of interest, including financial support, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patents, or any other relevant relationship.
• Non-financial conflicts such as academic competition, personal relationships, or political/religious beliefs that may influence interpretation should also be declared.
• If no conflicts exist, authors must explicitly state: “The authors declare no conflicts of interest.”

• Reviewers must refrain from evaluating any manuscript where a conflict of interest exists (e.g., close collaboration, financial involvement, or personal connection with the authors).
• Any potential bias should be reported immediately to the editorial office.

• Editors involved in decision-making must disclose any conflicts related to submitted manuscripts.
• In cases of conflict, editorial responsibility will be reassigned to another editor.

All conflict of interest disclosures will be published in the final article to ensure transparency for readers.